See kham on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "acn",
"2": "sit-pro",
"3": "*kəm",
"t": "to stand, endure"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kəm (“to stand, endure”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "ခံ",
"t": "to endure, withstand, bear"
},
"expansion": "Burmese ခံ (hkam, “to endure, withstand, bear”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kəm (“to stand, endure”); compare Burmese ခံ (hkam, “to endure, withstand, bear”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "acn",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "kham",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Achang",
"lang_code": "acn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Achang entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to take, receive"
],
"id": "en-kham-acn-verb-3aFRFRGt",
"links": [
[
"take",
"take"
],
[
"receive",
"receive"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Achang entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to bear, endure"
],
"id": "en-kham-acn-verb-vxuq3Egw",
"links": [
[
"bear",
"bear"
],
[
"endure",
"endure"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "/kʰam˧/",
"tags": [
"Myanmar"
]
}
],
"word": "kham"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pi",
"2": "sa",
"3": "क्षम्",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit क्षम् (kṣam)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pi",
"2": "sa",
"3": "क्षम्"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Sanskrit क्षम् (kṣam)",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Sanskrit क्षम् (kṣam).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pi",
"2": "root"
},
"expansion": "kham",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Pali",
"lang_code": "pi",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pali entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pali roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pali roots in Latin script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "he endures",
"translation": "he endures",
"word": "khamati"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to find bearable"
],
"id": "en-kham-pi-root-5p7m6WEt",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "kham"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "کھم",
"tags": [
"Perso-Arabic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "phl",
"2": "adverb",
"3": "Perso-Arabic spelling",
"4": "کھم"
},
"expansion": "kham (Perso-Arabic spelling کھم)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Palula",
"lang_code": "phl",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Palula entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Co-lexicalized intensifier"
],
"id": "en-kham-phl-adv-GtL-qyNB"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kham/"
}
],
"word": "kham"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Caló",
"lang_code": "rmq",
"word": "cam"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "inc-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "pra:𑀖𑀫𑁆𑀫<id:heat>",
"id": "sun",
"text": "++",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʷʰer-\nProto-Indo-European *-mós\nProto-Indo-Iranian *gʰarmás\nSanskrit घ॒र्म (gharmá)\nPrakrit 𑀖𑀫𑁆𑀫 (ghamma)\nRomani kham\nInherited from Prakrit 𑀖𑀫𑁆𑀫 (ghamma), from Sanskrit घ॒र्म (gharmá), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰarmás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- + *-mós.",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "घाम",
"3": "",
"4": "heat of the sun"
},
"expansion": "Hindi घाम (ghām, “heat of the sun”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ne",
"2": "घाम",
"t": "sun, sunlight"
},
"expansion": "Nepali घाम (ghām, “sun, sunlight”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gu",
"2": "ઘામ",
"3": "",
"4": "heat, perspiration"
},
"expansion": "Gujarati ઘામ (ghām, “heat, perspiration”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʷʰer-\nProto-Indo-European *-mós\nProto-Indo-Iranian *gʰarmás\nSanskrit घ॒र्म (gharmá)\nPrakrit 𑀖𑀫𑁆𑀫 (ghamma)\nRomani kham\nInherited from Prakrit 𑀖𑀫𑁆𑀫 (ghamma), from Sanskrit घ॒र्म (gharmá), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰarmás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- + *-mós. Cognate with Hindi घाम (ghām, “heat of the sun”), Nepali घाम (ghām, “sun, sunlight”), Gujarati ઘામ (ghām, “heat, perspiration”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "khama",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "noun",
"3": "nominative plural",
"4": "khama",
"cat2": "1-syllable words",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "kham m (nominative plural khama)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romani",
"lang_code": "rom",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romani entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romani entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romani entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "rom",
"name": "Nature",
"orig": "rom:Nature",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sun"
],
"id": "en-kham-rom-noun-J3VvBQ4U",
"links": [
[
"sun",
"sun"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "kham"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "堪"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "Sino-Vietnamese words"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "堪"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 堪",
"name": "vi-etym-sino"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 堪.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "kham",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kham",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sino-Vietnamese words",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bất kham"
},
{
"english": "miserable",
"translation": "miserable",
"word": "kham khổ"
},
{
"english": "enduring",
"translation": "enduring",
"word": "kham nhẫn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to endure"
],
"id": "en-kham-vi-verb-aCOLF~kH",
"links": [
[
"endure",
"endure"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[xaːm˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʰaːm˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʰaːm˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
}
],
"word": "kham"
}
{
"categories": [
"Achang entries with incorrect language header",
"Achang lemmas",
"Achang terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"Achang terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"Achang verbs",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "acn",
"2": "sit-pro",
"3": "*kəm",
"t": "to stand, endure"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kəm (“to stand, endure”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "ခံ",
"t": "to endure, withstand, bear"
},
"expansion": "Burmese ခံ (hkam, “to endure, withstand, bear”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kəm (“to stand, endure”); compare Burmese ခံ (hkam, “to endure, withstand, bear”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "acn",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "kham",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Achang",
"lang_code": "acn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to take, receive"
],
"links": [
[
"take",
"take"
],
[
"receive",
"receive"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to bear, endure"
],
"links": [
[
"bear",
"bear"
],
[
"endure",
"endure"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "/kʰam˧/",
"tags": [
"Myanmar"
]
}
],
"word": "kham"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "he endures",
"translation": "he endures",
"word": "khamati"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pi",
"2": "sa",
"3": "क्षम्",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit क्षम् (kṣam)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pi",
"2": "sa",
"3": "क्षम्"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Sanskrit क्षम् (kṣam)",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Sanskrit क्षम् (kṣam).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pi",
"2": "root"
},
"expansion": "kham",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Pali",
"lang_code": "pi",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pali entries with incorrect language header",
"Pali lemmas",
"Pali roots",
"Pali roots in Latin script",
"Pali terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Pali terms inherited from Sanskrit"
],
"glosses": [
"to find bearable"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "kham"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "کھم",
"tags": [
"Perso-Arabic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "phl",
"2": "adverb",
"3": "Perso-Arabic spelling",
"4": "کھم"
},
"expansion": "kham (Perso-Arabic spelling کھم)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Palula",
"lang_code": "phl",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Palula adverbs",
"Palula entries with incorrect language header",
"Palula lemmas"
],
"glosses": [
"Co-lexicalized intensifier"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kham/"
}
],
"word": "kham"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Caló",
"lang_code": "rmq",
"word": "cam"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "inc-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "pra:𑀖𑀫𑁆𑀫<id:heat>",
"id": "sun",
"text": "++",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʷʰer-\nProto-Indo-European *-mós\nProto-Indo-Iranian *gʰarmás\nSanskrit घ॒र्म (gharmá)\nPrakrit 𑀖𑀫𑁆𑀫 (ghamma)\nRomani kham\nInherited from Prakrit 𑀖𑀫𑁆𑀫 (ghamma), from Sanskrit घ॒र्म (gharmá), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰarmás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- + *-mós.",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "घाम",
"3": "",
"4": "heat of the sun"
},
"expansion": "Hindi घाम (ghām, “heat of the sun”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ne",
"2": "घाम",
"t": "sun, sunlight"
},
"expansion": "Nepali घाम (ghām, “sun, sunlight”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gu",
"2": "ઘામ",
"3": "",
"4": "heat, perspiration"
},
"expansion": "Gujarati ઘામ (ghām, “heat, perspiration”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʷʰer-\nProto-Indo-European *-mós\nProto-Indo-Iranian *gʰarmás\nSanskrit घ॒र्म (gharmá)\nPrakrit 𑀖𑀫𑁆𑀫 (ghamma)\nRomani kham\nInherited from Prakrit 𑀖𑀫𑁆𑀫 (ghamma), from Sanskrit घ॒र्म (gharmá), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰarmás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- + *-mós. Cognate with Hindi घाम (ghām, “heat of the sun”), Nepali घाम (ghām, “sun, sunlight”), Gujarati ઘામ (ghām, “heat, perspiration”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "khama",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "noun",
"3": "nominative plural",
"4": "khama",
"cat2": "1-syllable words",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "kham m (nominative plural khama)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romani",
"lang_code": "rom",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Romani 1-syllable words",
"Romani entries with etymology texts",
"Romani entries with etymology trees",
"Romani entries with incorrect language header",
"Romani lemmas",
"Romani masculine nouns",
"Romani nouns",
"Romani terms derived from Prakrit",
"Romani terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"Romani terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Romani terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Romani terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Romani terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷʰer-",
"Romani terms derived from the Sanskrit root घृ (shine)",
"Romani terms inherited from Prakrit",
"Romani terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"Romani terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Romani terms inherited from Sanskrit",
"rom:Nature"
],
"glosses": [
"sun"
],
"links": [
[
"sun",
"sun"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "kham"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "bất kham"
},
{
"english": "miserable",
"translation": "miserable",
"word": "kham khổ"
},
{
"english": "enduring",
"translation": "enduring",
"word": "kham nhẫn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "堪"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "Sino-Vietnamese words"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "堪"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 堪",
"name": "vi-etym-sino"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 堪.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "kham",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kham",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sino-Vietnamese words",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Vietnamese verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to endure"
],
"links": [
[
"endure",
"endure"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[xaːm˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʰaːm˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʰaːm˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
}
],
"word": "kham"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kham meaning in All languages combined (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.